Linux的useradd与adduser命令区别

2020/06/20 Linux 共 1649 字,约 5 分钟

在系统中使用man useradd查看帮助:

USERADD(8)                                                      System Management Commands                                                     USERADD(8)

NAME
       useradd - create a new user or update default new user information

SYNOPSIS
       useradd [options] LOGIN

       useradd -D

       useradd -D [options]

DESCRIPTION
       useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.

从文档中可以看出推荐在Debian系统上使用adduser,而不是useradd

使用man adduser查看文档:

ADDUSER(8)                                                       System Manager's Manual                                                       ADDUSER(8)

NAME
       adduser, addgroup - add a user or group to the system

SYNOPSIS
       adduser  [options]  [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--dis‐
       abled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] user

       adduser --system [options] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--group | --ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password]
       [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] user

       addgroup [options] [--gid ID] group

       addgroup --system [options] [--gid ID] group

       adduser [options] user group

   COMMON OPTIONS
       [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE]

DESCRIPTION
       adduser  and  addgroup  add  users  and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/adduser.conf.
       They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by default choosing  Debian  policy  conformant
       UID  and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features.  adduser and addgroup can
       be run in one of five modes:

可以看出adduser的参数更全面,更好用。

顺便提一下,如果想为一个系统服务创建专门的用户,比如说为hadoop服务创建一个专门的hadoop用户用来运行相关程序,这时候可以使用如下命令:

adduser --system  hadoop

使用--system创建的是系统用户,系统用户默认的shell是/usr/sbin/nologin,这个shell禁止登录,只能运行程序,所以非常安全。

本地用户想要切换到系统用户可以使用如下命令:

su - hadoop -s /bin/bash

现在就切换到bash,可以正常运行了。

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